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There is ample literature showing that changing coastal defense surface roughness on a mm-cm scale can increase species richness and biodiversity. Roughened surfaces, pools, pits and crevices increase species richness. Inundation time and wave exposure greatly influence the climax community on coastal defenses. However, it is not well understand how the effects of surface roughness on species richness are affected by the local environmental conditions. For instance, there is a lack of knowledge on the effects of physical factors such as dehydration and scouring by suspended sediment on the species community. As a result, more research is necessary to adapt and optimize the surface roughness of coastal defenses based on local physical factors. This is especially true for the Eastern Scheldt. Furthermore, to get the full picture of seaweed and faunal colonization, growth and survival, longer and georeferenced monitoring is necessary.



HZ University of Applied Sciences
Rijkswaterstaat, Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Milieu
Projectbureau Zeeweringen
Waterschap Scheldestromen
Provincie Zeeland
Deltares